Integrated Critical Communications Infrastructure for Smart Grid at Connectivity Week

David Witkowski, President of Wireless Communications Alliance (WCA)

David suggested that Critical Communications relates to:

  • Safety of People or Property
  • To a lesser extent: Protect Quality of Life
  • Continuity of CommerceContinuity of Government

He said that QoS is a key requirement for crtical communications.  Other requirements include: Backup power, physical security, data security, redundancy, prioritization mechanisms.  David believes that QoS and the level of security needed can’t be provided by public networks, especially in a shared medium envrionment.  Utilities are typically self sufficient and not likely to trust public wireless carriers.

Mr. Witkowski said that Critical Communications Infrastructure should encompass:

  • Terminal equipment
  • Spectrum (if wireless)
  • Concentrators, Hubs, Switches, Repeaters
  • Backhaul, Bbackbone, long-line, etc.
  • Standards for intra-system connection

David believes that an integrated infrastructure must adhere to established standards, which take a long time to develop.  A key point is that: “You can have infrastructure that’s not integrated, but you can’t have integration without infrastructure.”

Land Mobile Radio (LMR) was presented as a case study of interoperability failures during major natural disasters.  He cited the APCO Project 25 standard, which was finalized in 1989, but not widely implemented by public safety agencies.  Mr. Witkowski stated that many public-safety communications shops aren’t equipped to deploy P25.  The sheer scale of deploying “Integrated Critical Communications Infrastructure” (i.e. a nationwide inoperable P25 LMR system) is daunting.  As a result, many public safety agencies have out-sourced the work to Motorola.  But criticisms abound that Motorola is unfairly monopolizing that business.

The major take away from this analysis was that the interoperability requirements for Smart Grid are an order of magnitude (or more) greater than for LMRs!

In light of the LMR Case Study, several important questions arise:

  • Do we have realistic expectations for Smart Grid infrastructure standardization and deployment?
  • Given that standards are necessary, how many years will it take to ratify the necessary standards?
  • Which technology providers are large enough to execute a massive-scale project?
  • What are the likely conflict areas between Big Power and entrepreneurs, and what impact will these have on timeline for standards and deployment?

David said that wireless broadband communications has been useful in public safety response.  The D Block of 700MHz spectrum was allocated to public safety agencies for a Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) version of LTE.  Motorola Solutions and Verizon Wireless have announced an alliance to build a nationwide public/private LTE network.  With this alliance, public safety organizations can get nationwide carrier roaming for expanded coverage, real-time management and control of their LTE devices and site sharing with existing carrier sites for rapid deployment (according to a Motorola Solutions brief).

According to Mr. Witkowski, utilities and public safety have similar needs and they might be able to share broadband spectrum. The bandwidth NOT used for emergency response could be used by utilities for Smart Grid communications.

Author Alan Weissberger


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10 responses to “Integrated Critical Communications Infrastructure for Smart Grid at Connectivity Week”

  1. Alan Weissberger Avatar

    Previously published articles on Connectivity Week at the global IEEE ComSoc Community web site:

    http://community.comsoc.org/blogs/ajwdct/keynotes-and-smart-grid-communications-highlights-connectivity-week-conference-santa-cl

    http://community.comsoc.org/blogs/galadriel/summary-connectivity-week-panel-session-mobile-data-offload

    Future articles on other communications related Connectivity Week sessions will appear here at Viodi View.

    Please share your thoughts and opinions in the Comment Box below.

  2. Ken Pyle, Managing Editor Avatar

    Alan, thanks for the comprehensive article on just one panel from this event. Lots of great content that you covered.

    On aggregate, the utilities have huge data collection and transmission needs, but on the per home basis, it seems like the data is still relatively small compared to other demands, like video or Internet access. It seems like telco and cable companies could easily support the data rates, but, as you point out, the cultural differences between the organizations may be an initial barrier.

    Still, it seems like carving out spectrum just for utility and first-responder applications doesn’t seem to be the most efficient. I have an article and video that will soon be posted on TV “white spaces”. I wonder if cognitive radio, which is the heart of making that approach work, could go a long way to gaining spectrum efficiencies and making for a more efficient license regime?

  3. Steve Weinstein Avatar
    Steve Weinstein

    Alan,
    Like Mr. Pyle I was surprised that a utility would build its own network. Priority virtual networks within a large, highly redundant public network seems to be the preference for first responder infrastructure. It will be interesting to see how this plays out.

    1. Alan Weissberger Avatar

      Intro: Steve Weinstein is someone I look up to. We worked very well together on an optical network project at NEC Research Labs and he is my mentor on IEEE ComSoc matters. A past ComSoc President and long time volunteer, Steve is currently Chair of the ComSoc Strategic Planning Committee that I’m a member of.

      As both Steve and Ken suggested, utilities might be better off going to a public network provider for critical applications. But from the ConnectivityWeek sessions I attended, that will not happen in the near future. The main issue is lack of trust and concerns about avaialability (especially in an emergency/ natural disaster). Security is also an issue, especially for wireless mesh networks.

      In a forthcoming article, I will describe Silicon Valley Power’s network, which is currently all owned and managed by that utility. They actually have a fiber backbone for a service area that’s only about 18 miles in coverage area. I have particular interest in that utility, which has offered me excellent servcie and reasonable prices for the 41+ years I’ve lived in Santa Clara, CA.

  4. Ken Pyle, Managing Editor Avatar

    Steve’s comment reminds me of an article Alan wrote a couple of years ago regarding the fiber cut that affected a large swath of Silicon Valley:

    http://viodi.com/2009/04/12/could-major-telecom-outage-been-prevented-or-alleviated/

    It seems like the best way to have redundant networks is to have multiple providers, with multiple networks in a market. This might be a strong argument for not allowing a T-Mobile/AT&T merger that I haven’t necessarily heard from those opposed to the merger.

  5. Jerry Steinberg Avatar
    Jerry Steinberg

    Thanks for an information packed articles with many new, previously undisclosed facts about utilities, e.g.building/maintaining or outsourcing their own private networks.

    To Ken’s point: Wouldn’t a utility be better off using a public wireless network (3G or outdoor mesh WiFi) for back-up of their own private network? What do they now use for backup/redundancy in the event of network or equipment failure?

    1. Alan Weissberger Avatar

      Klaus Bender of UTC (Advocate of Utility Telecommunications interests) writes there are several potential smart grid telecom networks: corporate enterprise backbone network, the field force voice dispatch/ mobile data terminal network, the AMI meter reading network, and the command/control network for the power grid itself.

      Evidently, utilities have different backup/redundancy strategies and mechanisms for each of these sub networks.

  6. Suresh Vasa Avatar
    Suresh Vasa

    Whatever happened to the “Public/Private Partnership” that FCC was promoting a few years ago for the 700MHz auction D Block? Such a wireless broadband network could be shared by commercial telco subscribers, public safety agencies and utilities. It seemed like a great idea to amortize buildout and operational expenses. Why didn’t that happen? Might it happen now that the smart grid is here?

    Thanks for the very informative article and provocative questions/comments.

    1. David W Avatar

      The FCC got no bids on the 700 MHz D-block, primarily because the terms of the public-private partnership did not make business sense to the private parties. The current state of the D-block is that bills are being circulated through Congress to gift the spectrum to public safety for use as a 5+5 FDD LTE band.

      …dtw

  7. Anonymous Avatar
    Anonymous

    Smart meters are seen as a key technology enabler for reducing the output of greenhouse gases, improving energy efficiency and increasing the percentage of renewable energy. Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system. Unlike home energy monitors, smart meters can gather data for remote reporting.

    The network between the measurement devices and business systems allows collection and distribution of information to customers, suppliers, utility companies and service providers. This enables these businesses to participate in demand response services. Consumers can use information provided by the system to change their normal consumption patterns to take advantage of lower prices. Pricing can be used to curb growth of peak consumption.

    AMI differs from traditional automatic meter reading in that it enables two-way communications with the meter. Systems only capable of meter readings do not qualify as AMI systems. But the AMI does not specify a standard network interface or method for smart meters to send/receive data. How can smart grid ever reach economies of scale unless AMI network interface and related functions are standardized? And by whom?

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